Clearances – Know The Laws of Your Province

Clearance regulations are vital for ensuring safe movement, access, and operation within workplaces. These regulations require employers to maintain unobstructed access and egress routes, ensure sufficient space around machinery, equipment, and stored materials, and provide safe clearances for mobile equipment and cranes. Safety measures include minimum distance requirements, proper guarding, and secure storage practices to prevent contact with hazards and allow emergency escape. Workers must be trained to recognize and avoid clearance-related risks. While general safety standards are consistent across Canada, specific clearance requirements vary by province and territory to address different worksite conditions. Compliance with these regulations reduces accidents, protects workers, and supports a safe work environment.

In Canada, employers must ensure safe workplace clearances under the Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Sections 2.4 and 14.45. They must maintain minimum clearances for awnings, canopies, and passageways to prevent obstructions and hazards. For areas used by materials handling equipment, employers must provide adequate overhead and side clearances, marking low clearances when necessary. Exceptions apply to fixed rail systems and certain transport routes. Ensuring proper clearances is essential for workplace safety.

Part II – Permanent Structures

Division I – Buildings 

Clearances

A window awning or canopy or any part of a building that projects over an exterior passageway shall be installed or constructed in a manner that allows a clearance of not less than 2.2 m between the passageway surface and the lowest projection of the awning or canopy or projecting part of the building. Section 2.4.

Part XIV – Materials Handling

Division II – Maintenance, Use, and Operation

Clearances

(1) In any passageway that is regularly travelled by motorized or manual materials handling equipment, the employer shall ensure that:

(a) an overhead clearance is at least 150 mm above:

(i) that part of the materials handling equipment or its load that is the highest when the materials handling equipment is in its highest normal operating position at the point of clearance, and

(ii) the top of the head of the operator or any other employee required to ride on the materials handling equipment when occupying the highest normal position for the operator or employee at the point of clearance; and

(b) a side clearance is sufficiently wide to permit the motorized or manual materials handling equipment and its load to be maneuvered safely by an operator, but in no case less than 150 mm on each side measured from the furthest projecting part of the equipment or its load, when the equipment is being operated in a normal manner.

(2) Where an overhead clearance measured in accordance with subparagraph (l)(a)(i) or (ii) is less than 300 mm, the employer shall cause:

(a) the top of the doorway or object that restricts the clearance to be marked with a distinguishing colour or mark; and

(b) the height of the passageway in metres to be shown near the top of the passageway in letters that are not less than 50 mm in height and are on a contrasting background.

(3) Subparagraph (l)(a)(i) and subsection (2) do not apply in respect of:

(a) motorized materials handling equipment whose course of travel is controlled by fixed rails or guides;

(b) that portion of the route of any motorized or manual materials handling equipment that is inside a railway car, truck or trailer truck, including the warehouse doorway leading directly to it; or

(c) a load the nature of which precludes compliance with that subparagraph or subsection if precautions are taken to prevent contact with objects that may restrict the movement of the equipment. Section 14.45 (1) to (3).

Further details on the Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations can be found at Justice.Gc.Ca.

In Alberta, employers must ensure workplace safety under the Occupational Health and Safety Code, Sections 9, 57, 119, and 151. They are responsible for identifying, eliminating, or controlling hazards, prioritizing engineering controls, and providing personal protective equipment when necessary. Employers must also maintain safe entry and exit in confined spaces, walkways, and work areas, ensuring clear escape routes. For fall protection, they must arrange fall arrest systems to prevent workers from hitting hazards and limit free fall distances.

Part 2 – Hazard Assessment, Elimination, and Control

Hazard Elimination and Control

(1) If an existing or potential hazard to workers is identified during a hazard assessment, an employer must take measures in accordance with this section to:

(a) eliminate the hazard, or

(b) if elimination is not reasonably practicable, control the hazard.

(2) If reasonably practicable, an employer must eliminate or control a hazard through the use of engineering controls.

(3) If a hazard cannot be eliminated or controlled under subsection (2), the employer must use administrative controls that control the hazard to a level as low as reasonably achievable.

(4) If the hazard cannot be eliminated or controlled under subsection (2) or (3), the employer must ensure that the appropriate personal protective equipment is used by workers affected by the hazard.

(5) If the hazard cannot be eliminated or controlled under subsection (2), (3) or (4), the employer may use a combination of engineering controls, administrative controls or personal protective equipment if there is a greater level of worker safety because a combination is used. Section 9 (1) to (5).

Part 5 – Confined Spaces

Entry and Exit

An employer must ensure that a safe means of entry and exit is available to all workers required to work in a confined space or a restricted space and to all rescue personnel attending to the workers. Section 57.

Part 8 – Entrances, Walkways, Stairways, and Ladders

Safe Entry and Exit

(1) An employer must ensure that every worker can enter a work area safely and leave a work area safely at all times.

(2) An employer must ensure that a work area’s entrances and exits are in good working order.

(3) An employer must ensure that a work area’s entrances and exits are free from materials, equipment, accumulations of waste or other obstructions that might endanger workers or restrict their movement.

(4) An employer must ensure that, if a worker could be isolated from a primary escape route,

(a) there is a ready, convenient and safe secondary means of escape from the work area, and

(b) the secondary escape route is readily useable at all times.

(5) An employer must ensure that all workers are familiar with escape routes from the work area. Section 119 (1) to (5).

Part 9 – Fall Protection

Clearance, Maximum Arresting Force and Swing

(1) An employer must ensure that a personal fall arrest system is arranged so that a worker cannot hit the ground, an object which poses an unusual possibility of injury or a level below the work area.

(2) An employer must ensure that a personal fall arrest system without a shock absorber limits a worker’s free‑fall distance to 1.2 metres.

(3) An employer must ensure that a personal fall arrest system limits the maximum arresting force on a worker to 6 kilonewtons, unless the worker is using an E6 type shock absorber in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications, in which case the maximum arresting force must not exceed 8 kilonewtons.

(4) A worker must limit the vertical distance of a fall by:

(a) selecting the shortest length lanyard that will still permit unimpeded performance of the worker’s duties, and

(b) securing the lanyard to an anchor no lower than the worker’s shoulder height.

(5) If the shoulder height anchor required by subsection (4)(b) is not available, a worker must secure the lanyard to an anchor that is located as high as is reasonably practicable.

(6) If it is not reasonably practicable to attach to an anchor above the level of a worker’s feet, the worker must ensure that the clearance and maximum arresting force requirements of subsections (1) and (3) are met. Section 151 (1) to (6).

Further details on the Occupational Health and Safety Code can be found at Alberta.Ca.

In British Columbia, employers must ensure safe workplace clearances under the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, Part 4, Sections 4.32-4.42, and Part 12, Sections 12.35, 12.80.2, 12.169, and 12.170. They must maintain clear, hazard-free entry and exit points, secure restricted areas, and ensure safe movement in workspaces. Proper guards, swing-arm restraints, and clearance markings must be in place for machinery, vehicle lifts, and rail operations to prevent accidents. Maintaining clearances is crucial for worker safety and regulatory compliance.

Part 4: General Conditions

Work Area Requirements

Access to Work Areas

There must be a safe way of entering and leaving each place where work is performed and a worker must not use another way, if the other way is hazardous. Section 4.32.

Arrangement of Work Areas

(1) A work area must be arranged to allow the safe movement of people, equipment and materials.

(2) If, to ensure safety, an aisle or passageway is designated for pedestrian traffic, the route must be clearly indicated by markings or other effective means and, where practicable, floor or grade markings must be used. Section 4.33 (1) (2).

Restricted Entry

Hazardous areas not intended to be accessible to workers must be secured by locked doors or equivalent means of security, and must not be entered unless safe work procedures are developed and followed. Section 4.34.

Door Installations

(2) If a door installed in a workplace swings towards a stair, the full arc of its swing must be over a landing.

(3) A double-acting swing door must permit a person approaching the door to see any person approaching from the opposite side so as not to endanger their safety.

(4) A glass or transparent door must have hardware, bars or markings so that its presence and position are readily apparent. Section 4.35 (2) to (4).

Glass

(2) A panel, window or sidelight made of glass or similar transparent material, which could be mistaken for a doorway, must have bars or markings so that its presence and position are readily apparent. Section 4.36 (2).

Restricted Visibility

A worker must not be permitted to enter or work in an area if visibility in the area is restricted by the presence of smoke, steam or other substance in the atmosphere, unless appropriate safe work procedures are followed. Section 4.37.

Extreme Temperatures

(1) An open flame or other high temperature or extreme low temperature source or surface, which could cause a burn or other injury, must be positioned or shielded to prevent contact by workers.

(2) If an extreme temperature source is necessarily exposed due to the work process, safe work procedures must be established, and workers must be instructed in those procedures and must wear appropriate clothing and personal protective equipment. Section 4.38 (1) (2).

Slipping and Tripping Hazards

(1) Floors, platforms, ramps, stairs and walkways available for use by workers must be maintained in a state of good repair and kept free of slipping and tripping hazards.

(2) If such areas are taken out of service the employer must take reasonable means for preventing entry or use. Section 4.39.

Wet Floors

If a work process results in a liquid accumulating on the floor or grade surface in a work area and the liquid creates a slipping or other hazard, floor drains or other suitable means must be used to control the hazard. Section 4.40.

Waste Material

Refuse, spills and waste material must not be allowed to accumulate so as to constitute a hazard. Section 4.41.

Cleaning with Compressed Air

(1) Compressed air or steam must not be used for blowing dust, chips, or other substances from equipment, materials and structures if any person could be exposed to the jet, or to the material it expels or propels and an injury or health hazard due to fire, explosion or other cause is likely to result.

(2) Subject to subsection (4) compressed air may not be used for blowing harmful or hazardous dusts or other harmful substances from clothing being worn by workers.

(3) If clothing is to be cleaned before leaving the work area, suitable cleaning equipment must be used.

(4) Compressed air may be used in specially designated areas for blowing dusts or other substances from clothing being worn by workers, provided that:

(a) the substances have an exposure limit greater than 1.0 mg/m3, as established by section 5.48,

(b) appropriate respirators and eye protection are worn, and

(c) the compressed air supply pressure is limited to a pressure of 70 kPa gauge (10 psig), or safety nozzles which have the same pressure limiting effect are used. Section 4.42 (1) to (4).

For more information:

Part 12: Tools, Machinery, and Equipment

Feed-Rolls and Metal-Forming Rolls

  • Guard design. Section 12.35.

Automotive Lifts and Other Vehicle Supports

  • Swing-Arm Restraints. Section 12.80.2.

Rail Car Movement

  • Section 12.169.
  • Riding restriction. Section 12.170.

Further details on the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation can be found at Worksafebc.Com.

 

In Manitoba, employers are required to ensure safe clearances under the Workplace Safety and Health Act and Regulation, Part 13, Sections 13.1-13.5, Part 16, Section 16.11, and Part 38, Section 38.10(a). Employers must provide and maintain clear, unobstructed access and exit points in workplaces, ensuring compliance with building and fire codes. Secondary and emergency exits must be marked and readily usable at all times. Machines with restricted visibility must have audible or visual warning systems, and temporary electrical cables must be guarded or suspended to provide safe clearance. Maintaining proper clearances is essential for worker safety and emergency preparedness.

Part 13 – Entrances, Exits, Stairways and Ladders

Entrances, Exits, and Stairways

Safe Access and Egress

(1) An employer and an owner must provide and maintain a safe means of access to and egress from:

(a) the workplace; and

(b) all work-related areas at a workplace.

(2) An employer and an owner must ensure that each means of access and egress:

(a) complies with the Manitoba Building Code and Manitoba Fire Code;

(b) is free from all obstructions, including obstructions from materials and equipment and accumulations of waste and ice and snow; and

(c) has sufficient traction to allow workers to move safely. Section 13.1 (1) (2).

Temporary Doorways: Construction Project Site

An employer and a prime contractor must ensure that a temporary doorway used for access or egress at a construction project site:

(a) is designed and constructed to open outward from the workplace; and

(b) is not locked in the closed position when a worker is at the site. Section 13.2.

Doors

(1) An employer must ensure that doors to and from a workplace or work area can be opened without substantial effort and are not obstructed.

(2) When an enclosed area may create a risk to the safety or health of a worker entering it, an employer must ensure that a door used to enter or leave the area:

(a) is kept in good working order; and

(b) has a means of opening it from the inside. Section 13.3 (1) (2).

Secondary Means of Egress

An employer must ensure that there is a ready, convenient and safe secondary means of egress from the workplace that is conspicuously marked and readily usable at all times if:

(a) the primary means of egress from a workplace becomes unusable because of a malfunction of equipment or a work process; or

(b) a worker could be isolated from the primary means of egress. Section 13.4.

Emergency Exits

An employer and an owner must ensure that emergency exits and means of egress from a workplace are conspicuously marked and designed to enable quick and unimpeded evacuation of the workplace. Section 13.5.

For more information:

Part 16 – Machines, Tools, and Robots

  • Warning system. Section 16.11 (1).

Part 38 – Electrical Safety

  • Temporary electrical equipment. Section 38.10.

Further details on the Workplace Safety and Health Act and Regulation can be found at gov.mb.ca.

In New Brunswick, employers must ensure safe clearances under the General Regulation, Sections 113, 289(2), 290, and 345.4. Employers are responsible for providing safe access and emergency egress from all work areas, ensuring alternative escape routes when primary exits may be unusable. Work near energized electrical utility lines must be conducted only after de-energization or proper insulation. Electrical and communication lines must comply with CSA standards to protect workers. Powered mobile equipment must have two unobstructed access points, undergo regular inspections, and be properly equipped for hazardous conditions.

Access and Egress

Access to and egress from work area

(1) An employer shall provide a safe means of access to and egress from all areas where work is performed.

(2) An employer shall ensure that an emergency means of escape is provided from any area where the normal means of escape may be rendered dangerous or unusable.

(2.1) This section does not apply where a firefighter is engaged in structural firefighting or rescue. Section 113 (1) to (2.1).

Utility Lines and Utility Line Equipment

Unqualified Person and Working Distances from Energized Electrical Utility Line or Utility Line Equipment

(2) Where an employee who is not a qualified person is about to commence work that is liable to bring any person or object closer to an energized electrical utility line or utility line equipment than a distance specified in subsection (1), an employer shall contact the authority owning or operating the energized electrical utility line or utility line equipment and shall ensure that the utility line or utility line equipment:

(a) is de-energized, or

(b) is adequately insulated or guarded before permitting the employee to commence the work. Section 289 (2).

Standard for Electrical Utility and Communication Lines and Equipment

An employer shall ensure that electrical utility and communication lines and equipment are installed in conformance with CSA standard CAN/CSA-C22.3 No. 1-M87, “Overhead Systems” and CSA standard C22.3 No. 7-94, “Underground Systems” in order to ensure the safety of employees. Section 290.

Powered Mobile Equipment

(1) An employer shall ensure that powered mobile equipment is equipped with at least two safe and unobstructed means of access and egress that are not located on the same side of the cab of the powered mobile equipment.

(2) An employer shall ensure that the means of access and egress is inspected visually at least daily and tested monthly and, if the inspection reveals a defect or hazard, the employer shall ensure that no one uses the powered mobile equipment until the defect or hazard has been eliminated.

(3) An employer shall ensure that powered mobile equipment is equipped with cleats or corks when woods roads are frozen. Section 345.4 (1) to (3).

Further details on the General Regulation can be found at Laws.Gnb.Ca.

In Newfoundland and Labrador, employers must ensure safe clearances under the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Sections 315, 377, 458, 459, 498, 511, and 597 to 599. They must maintain proper clearances for lifting equipment, work areas, emergency exits, and underground haulage ways to prevent obstructions and hazards. High-voltage work requires written clearance or adherence to minimum safe distances, while confined spaces must be assessed, marked, and restricted to trained workers. Maintaining these clearances is essential for worker safety and regulatory compliance.

PART XIV – CRANES, HOISTS, AND OTHER LIFTING EQUIPMENT

Position of Equipment

(1) Equipment shall be positioned so that no moving part of the equipment comes within 60 centimetres of an obstruction in an area accessible to workers.

(2)  Where the clearance required under subsection (1) cannot be provided, entry to an area referred to in subsection (1) shall be prevented by barriers or other effective means. Section 315 (1) (2).

Part XVII – Construction, Excavation, and Demolition

Temporary Floors

(1) During the erection of a building or structure of skeleton construction, a temporary floor, decking or formwork shall be installed at the main working level where work is being done.

(2) Where compliance with subsection (1) is not practicable, a temporary floor or other effective means of protection shall be installed not more than 2 levels or 8 metres below the main working level.

(3) Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply to the initial connection of structural members where it is not practicable to provide a floor or decking.

(4) A safe means of access and egress to a main working level referred to in subsection (1) shall be provided.

(5) A stairway comprised, at a minimum, of framing, treads, midrail, and a handrail shall be provided to each floor level before construction of the next floor or deck surface is undertaken, and the treads on the stairway shall not create a tripping or slipping hazard. Section 377 (1) to (5).

Part XXII – Access and Egress

Access, Egress, and Movement

(1) All workplaces shall have safe and appropriate means of access and egress.

(2) Work areas shall be arranged to allow the safe movement of workers, equipment and materials.

(3) An aisle or passageway designated for pedestrian traffic shall be clearly indicated by markings or other means and, where practicable, floor or grade markings shall be used.

(4) Practical means of emergency escape shall be provided from a work area in which work processes could create an immediate threat to workers, and where regular means of egress could be rendered dangerous or unusable.

(5) A walkway shall not be less than 50.80 centimetres wide and shall be accessible by means of a fixed ladder or stairway.

(6) A curb shall be installed on an elevated thoroughfare to prevent equipment from running off the open edge of the thoroughfare. Section 458 (1) to (6).

Exits and Doors

(1) An emergency exit shall be designed and marked to provide quick and unimpeded exit, and periodic emergency drills shall be held to ensure workers’ awareness of the availability of the exits.

(2) A door shall not open directly onto a stairway, but shall open onto a floor or a landing having a width that exceeds the swing of the door.

(3) A double-acting swing door shall be designed and installed to permit an adequate view through the door where the door presents a safety hazard.

(4) A transparent glass door or a glass panel that extends less than 30.48 centimetres from the floor and which could be mistaken for a doorway, shall be constructed of laminated, tempered or wired safety glass meeting the requirements of the National Building Code of Canada.

(5) Subsection (4) does not apply where the glass is fitted with bars, or other devices or markings which clearly indicate the presence and position of the door or panel. Section 459 (1) to (5).

For more information:

Part XXVI – Electrical Operations

  • Minimum clearance – high voltage equipment and conductors. Section 498 (1) to (4).

Part XXVII – Confined Space Entry

  • Confined space entry. Section 511 (1) to (4).

Part XXIX – Underground Operations

  • Clearances for rail haulage. Section 597.
  • Clearances for mobile equipment. Section 598.
  • Safety stations. Section 599.

Further details on the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations can be found at Assembly.Nl.Ca.

In Nova Scotia, employers must ensure safe clearances under the Occupational Safety General Regulations, Sections 56, 63(3), 77-78, 87(8-9), 93(2), 129(1-1A), 140, and 142(1)(6). They must provide safe access and exit points in work areas, hoists, and confined spaces while ensuring overhead protection where falling hazards exist. Mobile cranes must have warning devices, barriers, and adequate swing radius clearances. Machines must have safeguards to prevent exposure to moving parts, and conveyors must maintain sufficient clearance from objects. Temporary stairways must meet strength and clearance requirements for safe use.

Part 7 – Hoists and Mobile Equipment

An employer shall ensure that a hoist, lift truck or powered mobile equipment:

(d) is provided with safe means of access and exit from the operator’s position and any passenger’s position. Section 56.

Rollover Protection

(3) An employer shall ensure that modifications, alterations or repairs made to a rollover protective structure that affect the structural integrity of the structure meet the requirements of this Section and that the designing agency, the installing agency or an engineer certifies that modifications, alterations or repairs meet the requirements of this Section. Section 63 (3).

Mobile Cranes

An employer shall ensure that a mobile crane has:

(a) installed and maintained in an adequate condition a device that warns the mobile crane operator when continued movement may cause the load attached to a mobile crane to strike the upper sheaves of the mobile crane; and

(b) if equipped with a boom that is not articulating, a boom angle indicator. Section 77.

An employer shall ensure that barriers or equivalent means are used to prevent a person from entering within the swing radius of the body of the mobile crane where a mobile crane is being operated in an area where the clearance between any obstruction and the swing radius of the body of the mobile crane creates a hazard. Section 78.

Part 8 – Mechanical Safety

Safeguards

(8) Where opening an access door exposes the moving parts of a machine or tool, an employer shall ensure, where reasonably practicable, that the access door is fitted with interlocks that:

(a) prevent the access door from opening while the moving parts are in motion; or

(b) disconnect the power from the driving mechanism, causing the moving parts to stop immediately if the door is opened.

(9) Where it is not reasonably practicable to fit an access door with interlocks in accordance with subsection (8), an employer shall, in consultation with the committee or representative, if any, establish an adequate written work procedure. Section 87 (8) (9).

Conveyors

(1) This Section and Sections 94, 95 and 96 do not apply to any device that is intended for the transport of persons and to which the Elevators and Lifts Act applies.

(2) An employer shall ensure that a conveyor is constructed or installed so that:

(a) there is adequate clearance between the material transported on the conveyor and a fixed or moving object Section 93 (1) (2).

Part 12 – Confined Space Entry

Application and Interpretation

(1) In this Part, “confined space” means an enclosed or partially enclosed space:

(a) not designed or intended for regular human occupancy;

(b) with restricted access or exit; and

(c) that is or may become hazardous to a person entering it because of its design, construction, location, atmosphere, or the materials or substances in it or other conditions.

(1A) When assessing whether a space is or may become hazardous to a person entering it because of its atmosphere under clause (1)(c), a person must not take into account the protection afforded to a person through the use of personal protective equipment or ventilation. Section 129 (1) (1A).

For more information:

Part 13 – Premises and Building Safety, Construction, and Demolition

  • Access and exit. Sections 140, 142.

Further details on the Occupational Safety General Regulations can be found at Novascotia.Ca.

In the Northwest Territories, employers must ensure safe clearances under the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Sections 12, 170(3)(c), 218(c), 254, 255, and 279(2)(e). They must provide and maintain safe entry and exit at worksites, ensuring doors in hazardous areas open away from dangers and remain unobstructed. Powered mobile equipment must have a 1.2 m vertical clearance at operator entry points, and cranes with outriggers must maintain a minimum 600 mm clearance from obstacles.

PART 3 – GENERAL DUTIES

General Duties of Employers

An employer shall, in respect of a work site,

(a) provide and maintain systems of work and working environments that ensure, as far as is reasonably possible, the health and safety of workers;

(b) arrange for the use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances in a manner that protects the health and safety of workers;

(c) provide information, instruction, training and supervision that is necessary to protect the health and safety of workers; and

(d) provide and maintain a safe means of entrance to and exit from the work site. Section 12.

PART 11 – POWERED MOBILE EQUIPMENT

Rollover Protective Structures

(3) If a rollover protective structure required by subsection (1) is not available, an employer or supplier shall ensure that a unit of powered mobile equipment is equipped with a rollover protective structure that is:

(c) installed to have a vertical clearance of 1.2 m between the decks and the structures at the point of operator entrance or exit. Section 170 (3).

PART 13 – HOISTS, CRANES, AND LIFTING DEVICES

Hoists or Cranes with Outriggers

(c) there is a minimum clearance of not less than 600 mm between moving parts of the crane and obstacles near its base; Section 218.

PART 16 – ENTRANCES, EXITS, AND LADDERS

General Duty

An employer shall provide and maintain a safe means of entrance to and exit from a work site. Section 254.

Doors

An employer shall ensure that:

(a) each door in a hazardous work area opens away from the hazard and is not blocked by an obstruction; and

(b) each walk-in freezer or refrigerator is equipped with a means to open the door from the inside. Section 255.

PART 18 – CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

Entry Plan

(2) A hazardous confined space entry plan must be in writing and must include

(e) the procedures to enter, work in and exit from the hazardous confined space safely. Section 279 (2).

Further details on the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations can be found at canlii.org.

In Nunavut, employers must ensure safe clearances under the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Sections 12, 170(3)(c), 218(c), 254, 255, and 279(2)(e). They must provide and maintain safe entry and exit at worksites, ensuring doors in hazardous areas open away from dangers and remain unobstructed. Powered mobile equipment must have a 1.2 m vertical clearance at operator entry points, and cranes with outriggers must maintain a minimum 600 mm clearance from obstacles.

PART 3 – GENERAL DUTIES

General Duties of Employers

An employer shall, in respect of a work site,

(a) provide and maintain systems of work and working environments that ensure, as far as is reasonably possible, the health and safety of workers;

(b) arrange for the use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances in a manner that protects the health and safety of workers;

(c) provide information, instruction, training and supervision that is necessary to protect the health and safety of workers; and

(d) provide and maintain a safe means of entrance to and exit from the work site. Section 12.

PART 11 – POWERED MOBILE EQUIPMENT

Rollover Protective Structures

(3) If a rollover protective structure required by subsection (1) is not available, an employer or supplier shall ensure that a unit of powered mobile equipment is equipped with a rollover protective structure that is:

(c) installed to have a vertical clearance of 1.2 m between the decks and the structures at the point of operator entrance or exit. Section 170 (3).

PART 13 – HOISTS, CRANES, AND LIFTING DEVICES

Hoists or Cranes with Outriggers

(c) there is a minimum clearance of not less than 600 mm between moving parts of the crane and obstacles near its base; Section 218.

PART 16 – ENTRANCES, EXITS, AND LADDERS

General Duty

An employer shall provide and maintain a safe means of entrance to and exit from a work site. Section 254.

Doors

An employer shall ensure that:

(a) each door in a hazardous work area opens away from the hazard and is not blocked by an obstruction; and

(b) each walk-in freezer or refrigerator is equipped with a means to open the door from the inside. Section 255.

PART 18 – CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

Entry Plan

(2) A hazardous confined space entry plan must be in writing and must include:

(e) the procedures to enter, work in and exit from the hazardous confined space safely. Section 279 (2).

Further details on the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations can be found at canlii.org.

In Ontario, employers must ensure safe clearances under Reg. 213/91: Construction Projects, Sections 70 to 72, 82, 161, 162.1, 236(3)(c) and 302. They must provide safe access and egress to work areas, keeping routes clear of obstructions, snow, and ice. Portable ladders must be properly secured, and tower cranes must undergo operational tests and maintain required clearances. Excavation support systems must indicate allowable clearances, and hoist cages must have enclosed structures, gates, and protective covers.

PART I – GENERAL

Access To and Egress From Work Areas

(1) Access to and egress from a work area located above or below ground level shall be by stairs, runway, ramp, or ladder.

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a work platform within the meaning of section 136.1 that is able to be moved to give access to a floor, roof or platform or to ground level. Section 70.

Adequate means of egress shall be provided from a work area to permit the evacuation of workers during an emergency. Section 71.

A work area, a route to and from a work area and a scaffold platform on which work is being performed shall be maintained at all times in a condition that does not endanger workers and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing,

(a) shall be kept clear of obstructions;

(b) shall be kept clear of snow, ice or other slippery material; and

(c) shall be treated with sand or similar material when necessary to ensure a firm footing. Section 72.

(1) This section applies if a portable ladder is used as a means of access and egress between,

(a) levels of a building or structure;

(b) the ground or grade level to a building or structure; or

(c) different work surface levels.

(2) The ladder,

(a) shall extend at the upper level at least 900 millimetres above the landing surface;

(b) shall, subject to subsection (3), have a clear space of at least 150 millimetres behind every rung;

(c) shall be located so that an adequate landing surface that is clear of obstructions is available at the top and bottom of the ladder for access and egress; and

(d) shall be secured at the top and bottom to prevent movement of the ladder. O. Reg. 345/15, s. 13.

(3) Clause (2) (b) does not apply to a ladder lying on an excavation wall that is sloped, as required by section 234. Section 82.

(1) A competent worker shall perform operational tests on a tower crane to ensure that,

(a) its limiting and indicating devices are installed and functioning in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications or an engineer’s instructions;

(b) all clearances and alignments are adequate;

(c) gearing and all other moving parts are operating correctly;

(d) controller switches and other control devices are operating correctly;

(e) all limit switches are operating correctly;

(f) all circuits, interlocks, and sequences of operation are operating in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications;

(g) all protective devices are operating correctly;

(h) the audio device near the base of travelling cranes is operating correctly; and

(i) each motion of the crane operates in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.

(1.1) After the erection of a tower crane but before the tower crane is put into service, load tests shall be performed on the tower crane in accordance with clause 6.3.3 of CSA Standard Z248-17.

(2) Operational tests shall be done,

(a) after the tower crane is erected on the project and before it is used; and

(b) at one-week intervals after the test under clause (a) while the crane is erected on the project.

(3) Overload limit devices for a tower crane shall be tested using test blocks designed for the purpose that have their weight clearly marked on them.

(4) The test blocks shall be kept on the project while the crane is erected.  Section 161.

When there are multiple cranes at a project, hoisting operations shall meet the clearance requirements set out in clause 8.10 of CSA Standard Z248-17. Section 162.1. 

(3) The design drawings and specifications for a prefabricated, hydraulic or an engineered support system,

(c) shall indicate the proper positioning of the system in the excavation, including the maximum allowable clearance between the walls of the support system and the walls of the excavation; Section 236 (3).

For more information:

  • Cage or car hoist in worker transport. Sections 302 (1) to (3).

Further details on the Reg. 213/91: CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS can be found at ontario.ca.

In Prince Edward Island, employers must ensure safe clearances under the Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, Sections 12.1(2), 12.5(1), 13.2, 22.1 to 22.6, 26.57, 26.58, 30.16, 34.6(2). They must provide safe access and egress, maintain clear work areas, ensure proper stair design, and follow confined space entry procedures. Excavated material must be set back, barriers must be used near mobile cranes with limited swing clearance, and sufficient space must be maintained around conveyors and explosives sites.

PART 22 — STAIRS

Egress Stairs

The employer shall ensure that when any work on a building has progressed to a height of more than 7 315 mm above ground level, the means of egress shall be by permanent or temporary stairs that shall:

(a) be provided for the entire height from the ground to the uppermost working level; and

(b) be continued as the height of the project is increased. Section 22.1.

Temporary Stairs

The employer shall ensure that temporary stairs shall:

(a) be maintained in a safe condition until the permanent stairs have been installed;

(b) be not less than 900 mm wide. Section 22.2.

Skeleton Steel Stairs

The employer shall ensure that skeleton steel stairs shall have temporary wood treads:

(a) of suitable planking extending the full width of the stairs and landings; and

(b) securely fastened in place. Section 22.3.

Permanent Stairs

The employer shall ensure that permanent stairs shall be installed as soon as working conditions permit. Section 22.4.

Requirements

The employer shall ensure stairs and landings shall be designed and constructed to safely support a live load of 4.8 kPa with a safety factor of 4 and shall:

(a) have a vertical distance between landings not exceeding 3.7 m and intermediate landings shall have a dimension of not less than 1100 mm measured in the direction of the run;

(b) have a handrail or guardrail securely fastened and supported in place on the open side or sides of each flight and at each landing. Section 22.5.

Obligations of Employer Regarding Stairs

The employer shall ensure that:

(a) stairs and platforms made of perforated material shall not contain openings larger than 11 mm;

(b) stairs, except service stairs which may be used for access to oiling platforms, machinery, etc., should be not less than 900 mm;

(c) the pitch of stairways except service stairways should be between 30 degrees and 35 degrees from horizontal and shall in no case be less than 20 degrees or more than 50 degrees;

(d) where the pitch would be less than 20 degrees a ramp shall be used and where the pitch is greater than 50 degrees a fixed ladder shall be used;

(e) head room with a vertical clearance of 2050 mm from the top of the tread on a line with the face of the riser, shall be provided at all points in the stairwell;

(f) except for service stairs, the treads exclusive of nosings or projections shall be not less than 280 mm in depth and the risers shall not be more than 180 mm or less than 125 mm in height;

(g) the width of the treads and the height of the risers shall be constant in any flight and all stairways having three or more risers shall be equipped with stair railings on any open side;

(h) the top and the bottom treads of any flight shall be clearly distinguishable;

(i) enclosed stairways less than 1100 mm wide shall be equipped with at least one handrail, preferably on the right side descending and two handrails on curved stairways;

(j) stairways 1100 mm or more in width shall be equipped with one stair railing on each open side and one handrail on each enclosed side;

(k) revoked by EC600/24;

(l) revoked by EC600/24;

(m) the height of stair railings from the upper surface of the top rail to the surface of the tread in line with the face of the riser at the forward edge of the tread, shall not be less than 865 mm and not more than 1070 mm;

(n) wooden handrails shall be at least 50 mm x 50 mm in size and of smooth finish;

(o) metal handrails shall be at least 38 mm in diameter;

(p) handrails mounted directly on walls or partitions shall be fixed by means of brackets attached to the lower side of the rails so as not to interfere with the continuity of the rails;

(q) brackets shall be spaced not more than 1.2 m apart, measured on the horizontal plane, and shall provide a clearance of at least 50 mm between the rails and the walls or any obstruction on the walls;

(r) handrail structure shall be capable of withstanding a load of 0.9 kN applied in any direction at any point of the rail;

(s) the clear width of service stairs shall be at least 914 mm;

(t) the pitch of service stairs shall not be more than 50 degrees and the width of the treads shall not be less than 152 mm;

(u) stairways shall be adequately illuminated and lights shall be located so that they do not cause glare;

(v) a non-slip nosing or strip shall be used on all stair treads on which there is danger of slipping due to the material of the tread;

(w) a non-slip nosing or strip shall be installed within a distance of 31 mm from the front edge of the tread and shall be at least 30 mm wide;

(x) treads and landings of exterior exit stairs more than 10 m high shall be designed to be free of ice and snow accumulation. Section 22.6 (a) to (x).

For more information:

  • PART 12 — EXCAVATIONS, TRENCHES AND CONSTRUCTION. Sections 121,12.5.
  • PART 13 — CONFINED SPACE. Sections 13.2.
  • PART 26 — EXPLOSIVES. Sections 26.57, 26.58.
  • PART 30 — MECHANICAL SAFETY. Sections 30.16.
  • PART 34 — HOISTING APPARATUS. Sections 34.6.

Further details on the Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations can be found at princeedwardisland.ca.

In Québec, employers must ensure safe clearances under the Regulation Respecting Occupational Health and Safety, Sections 6, 15, 21, 23, 26, 67, 181, 238, 247, and 288. They must maintain clear, slip-free access routes, walkways, and workstations, with minimum width and height requirements. Ladders and stairs must meet specific construction, spacing, and safety standards, while hoisting devices must have safe access points. Cables and hoses must be secured or suspended with at least 2 m of clearance, and materials must be piled to avoid obstructing movement, lighting, or emergency access.

Access routes and passageways: Access routes providing access to buildings and reserved pedestrian passages shall be:

(1) kept in good condition and free from any obstructions;

(2) maintained to keep the surface from becoming slippery;

(3) protected from falling objects or materials;

(4) properly lit. Section 6.

Walkways: Walkways inside a building shall:

(1) be kept in good order and free from any obstruction;

(2) be maintained to keep the surface from becoming slippery, even through wear or humidity;

(3) be wide enough to allow the safe handling of materials and be at least 600 mm wide;

(4) be at least 1,100 mm wide if they serve as direct access to an exit;

(5) be clearly marked out by lines traced on the floor or be bordered by facilities, equipment, walls or material or merchandise depots, to permit the safe passage of persons;

(6) have a free space of at least 2 m above the floor unless the danger is made known by means of a visible sign;

(7) be free from any opening capable of causing an accident, unless they are protected with a guardrail or a cover capable of withstanding a load of at least 2,4 kN/m2.

Where a motorized vehicle is likely to travel on a cover, the cover must have a resistance at least equivalent to 3 times the maximum load that may be imposed by the vehicle. Section 15 (1) to (7).

Work station access: Machines, machine rooms or service platforms for these machines, which constitute a work station, shall, if they are situated above or below a floor and if they are not serviced by a stairway, be accessible by a service stairway, an access ramp or a fixed ladder. Section 21.

Permanent ladders: Permanent ladders used to replace service stairs shall:

(1) be of safe construction and solidly anchored to withstand a mass of 90 kg at the centre of the rungs with a safety factor of 4;

(2) for ladders exceeding 9 m, have rest platforms equipped with guardrails, at least at 6 m intervals;

(3) have a free space behind the rungs of at least 150 mm;

(4) have a free space on each side of at least 375 mm and forward of at least 800 mm, measured from the centre of a rung;

(5) extend 900 mm beyond the top storey;

(6) be provided with guardrails surrounding the floor opening with a removable gate for access to the ladder;

(7) be provided with a fall arrestor in compliance with CSA Standard Z259.2.5 Fall Arresters and Vertical Lifelines, or CSA Standard Z259.2.4 Fall Arresters and Vertical Rigid Rails where there is danger of a fall greater than 6 m.

Subparagraphs 3 and 4 of the first paragraph apply only to permanent ladders built, installed or modified on or after 2 August 2001.

Despite subparagraph 7, permanent ladders installed before 3 January 2019 may, until they are modified, be provided with crinolines, cages or a fall arrestor in compliance with CAN/CSA Standard Z259.2.1-98 Fall Arresters, Vertical Lifelines and Rails, where there is danger of a fall greater than 6 m. Section 23 (1) to (7).

Installation conditions: Portable ladders shall:

(1) rest on a firm base with the upper part propped on the 2 siderails;

(2) be firmly held in place by one or more persons, if they are not firmly attached and if their length is equal to or more than 9 m;

(3) be protected against any sliding and against any shock that could compromise equilibrium;

(4) if not firmly fixed, be so inclined that the horizontal distance between the base of the ladder and the vertical plane of its top support is approximately between the quarter and the third of the length of the ladder between its supports;

(5) where used as a means of access:

(a) be firmly fixed in place;

(b) extend 900 mm beyond the top storey;

(c) have a space behind the rungs of at least 150 mm;

(6) be set in such a manner that there is sufficient space at the base allowing safe access;

(7) (paragraph revoked);

(8) never be linked to another ladder, end to end, by lapped joints;

(9) (paragraph revoked);

(10) (paragraph revoked);

(11) not be put on scaffolding, an elevated platform, an aerial basket or platform, on crates, barrels or in front of a door opening onto the ladder;

(12) if applicable, have the sections properly assembled and the locks properly engaged. Section 26 (1) to (12).

For more information:

  • Double changing room. Sections 67.
  • Attributes of means of protection. Sections 181.
  • Electrical wire and flexible hose. Sections 238.
  • Safe access. Sections 247.
  • Piles of material. Sections 288.

Further details on the Regulation Respecting Occupational Health and Safety can be found at gouv.qc.ca.

In Saskatchewan, employers must ensure safe clearances under The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Sections 11-10(3), 12-11, 12-20(3), 13-14, 16-1 to 16-3, and 18-2(d) and 18-4. They must provide and maintain safe access to and from all work areas, including confined spaces and elevated platforms. Crane operations must maintain at least 600 mm of clearance from obstacles, with barricades used where swing hazards exist. Travel ways must meet minimum width and traction standards, and doors in hazardous areas must open away from danger.

PART 12 – Scaffolds, Aerial Devices, Elevating Work Platforms, and Temporary Supporting Structures

Half-Horse Scaffolds

(1) An employer or contractor shall ensure that the legs of a half-horse scaffold are not spliced, are less than 3 metres high and have an angle of repose and an angle of splay that are 15° from the vertical. Section 12-11 (1).

Workers’ Responsibilities

(3) A worker shall not: (a) bridge the distance between a suspended powered scaffold and any other scaffold with planks or by any other means; or (b) use the lifeline or the suspension ropes as a means of access to or exit from the scaffold except in cases of emergency. Section 12-20 (3).

PART 13 – Hoists, Cranes, and Lifting Devices

Hoists, Cranes with Outriggers, etc.

If a hoist or crane is designed to be operated with outriggers or other stabilizing devices, an employer or contractor shall ensure that:

(a) the outriggers or other stabilizing devices:

(i) are used according to the manufacturer’s instructions;

(ii) are set on a solid footing or pad; and

(iii) have their controls, if any, readily accessible to the operator and in a suitable position for safe operation;

(b) the area around the outriggers or other stabilizing devices is kept free of obstruction;

(c) there is a minimum clearance of at least 600 millimetres between any moving part of the crane and any obstacle near the base of the hoist or crane; and

(d) if there is a danger of a worker being trapped or crushed by any moving part of the crane when the crane swings, the area around the base of the crane is barricaded to restrict the entry of workers. Section 13-14.

PART 16 – Entrances, Exits, and Ladders

General duty re: Entrances, Exits

An employer, contractor or owner shall provide and maintain a safe means of entrance to and exit from a place of employment and all worksites and work-related areas in or on a place of employment. Section 16-1.

Doors

An employer, contractor or owner shall ensure that:

(a) every door in a hazardous work area opens away from the hazard and is not blocked by an obstruction; and

(b) every walk-in freezer or refrigerator is equipped with a means to open the door from the inside. 16-2.

Travelways

(1) An employer, contractor or owner shall ensure that every travelway:

(a) is strong enough to withstand any traffic to which the travelway may be subjected;

(b) has secure footing for workers and adequate traction for vehicles or equipment; and

(c) is at least:

(i) 600 millimetres wide, in the case of travelways installed before July 1, 1997; and

(ii) 900 millimetres wide, in the case of travelways installed on and after July 1, 1997.

(2) An employer, contractor or owner shall ensure that every travelway that may give rise to a hazard described in subsection 9-2(2) is provided with a guardrail. Section 16-3 (1)(2).

PART 18 – Confined Space Entry

Identification of Confined Spaces, Hazards, etc.

If a worker may be required or permitted to work in a confined space, an employer, in consultation with the committee, shall identify:

(d) alterations to the physical characteristics of the confined spaces that may be necessary to ensure safe entrance to and exit from all accessible parts of each confined space. Section 18-2.

Requirements Before Confined Space is Entered

(1) If a worker will be required or permitted to work in a confined space, an employer, contractor or owner shall, before requiring or permitting the worker to enter the confined space:

(a) ensure that there is a safe entrance to and exit from all accessible parts of the confined space; and

(b) make all practicable alterations to the physical characteristics of the confined space necessary to ensure a safe entrance to and exit from all accessible parts of the confined space.

(2) In making alterations pursuant to clause (1)(b), an employer shall ensure that the structural integrity of the confined space is maintained. Section  18-4.

For more information:

  • PART 11 – Powered Mobile Equipment – Roll-over protective structures. Sections 11-10.

Further details on the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations can be found at saskatchewan.ca.

In Yukon, employers must ensure safe clearances under the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Sections 1.40–1.43, 1.50, 5.10, 5.29(3)(4), 6.21, 7.12, 8.09, 9.04 and 9.19(4). They must maintain clear access and emergency egress routes, ensure equipment has safe operating clearances, and keep areas around electrical and mechanical systems free of obstructions. Rollover structures and material storage must also meet spacing and safety standards. These clearances are essential to protect workers and maintain a safe work environment.

Part 1 – General

Vertical Lifelines

A vertical lifeline shall meet the requirements of CSA Standard Z259.2.1-98, Fall Arresters, Vertical Lifelines and Rails, or other similar standard acceptable to the board, and it shall be:

(a) secured independently to an anchor with adequate strength,

(b) padded or protected at points of attachment and everywhere else the lifelines may come in contact with sharp or abrasive edges,

(c) used to protect only one worker per line,

(d) first grade, three strand, hawser laid manila rope of not less than 0.019 m (3/4 in.), having a breaking strength of not less than 24 kN (5400 lbs.), or synthetic or wire rope of at least equal strength,

(e) wire rope or wire-cored manila rope when there is a possibility of the line being cut, burned or other quick severing incidence,

(f) non-conductive and used in duplicate (two lines per worker), where workers are using the lifelines in proximity of an energized electrical line,

(g) less than 90 m (300 ft.) in length, and

(h) extended to within 3 m (10 ft.) of the ground or other safe landing. Section 1.40 (a) to (h).

Horizontal Lifeline Usage

Where a horizontal lifeline is used as a temporary system of fall restraint, it shall:

(a) be designed to provide an ultimate load capacity of at least 3.5 kN (800 lbs.) for each worker connected to it, and

(b) be either certified by a professional engineer as meeting the requirements of a permanent system as outlined in section 1.42, or

(c) meet the following requirements:

  1. the horizontal lifeline shall be a minimum of 0.012 m (1/2 in.) diameter wire rope with a breaking strength of at least 89 kN (20,000 lbs.),
  2. the horizontal lifeline shall be free of splices except at the terminations,

iii. all connecting hardware and end anchors shall have ultimate load capacity of at least 71 kN (16,000 lbs.),

  1. the lifeline shall span at least 6 m (20 ft.) and not more than 18 m (60 ft.),
  2. the unloaded sag in the lifeline shall be approximately equal to the span length divided by 60, with a minimum elevation of 1 m (39 in.) above the work surface,
  3. any free fall distance shall be limited to 1.2 m (4 ft.),

vii. a minimum of 3.5 m (12 ft.) of unobstructed clearance shall be available below the working surface,

viii. no more than three workers shall be secured to a horizontal lifeline, and

  1. the lifeline shall be positioned so it does not impede safe movement of a worker. Section 1.41.

Horizontal Lifeline Design

A permanent horizontal lifeline shall be designed by a professional engineer, who shall provide the workplace with signed and dated drawings and instructions for the lifeline system, indicating:

(a) the layout in plan and elevation, including anchor locations, installation specifications, anchor design, and detailing,

(b) system specifications that include permissible free fall distance, clearance to obstructions below, and rope size, breaking strength, termination details and initial sag or tension,

(c) the number of workers permitted to connect to the lifeline, and maximum arrest force to each worker, and

(d) written certification that the lifeline system has been installed in accordance with the design documents. Section 1.42 (a) to (d).

Lifelines and Lanyards

Workers using lifelines and lanyards shall ensure that they are:

(a) free of knots or splices except at their terminals, and

(b) capable of limiting the worker’s free fall to less than 1.2 m (4 ft.). Section 1.43.

WORKPLACE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Access, Egress, and Emergency Egress

(1) There must be a safe way of entering and leaving the workplace and a worker must not use any other way if it is hazardous.

(2) Hazardous areas shall be secured with a locked door or by other equivalent means to prevent access by workers, unless there is a safe work procedure developed for the purpose and workers are instructed in it.

(3) Access to and egress from all work areas, work stations, storage areas, shut off switches, control panels and any emergency supplies or equipment shall be unrestricted and unimpeded at all times.

(4) An emergency means of escape shall be available from any area where the normal means of exit may be rendered dangerous or unusable from time to time. Section 1.50 (1) to (4).

For more information:

  • Part 5 – Cranes, Hoisting and Lifting. Sections 5.10 (1)(2).
  • Part 6 – Mobile Equipment – Alternate criteria. Sections 6.21.
  • Part 7 – Machinery and Machinery Guarding. Sections 7.12 (a)(b)(c).
  • Part 8 – Material and Storage. Sections 8.09 (a) to (e).
  • Part 9 – Electrical Safety. Sections 9.04 (1) to (3).

Further details on the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations can be found at wcb.yk.ca.